
Before the paint tube, paint came in a pig’s bladder. That is not a figure of speech. A painter, or more often his apprentice, ground dry pigment with oil on a slab, tied the mixture up in a small animal bladder, and when he wanted paint he pricked the bladder with a pin and squeezed. The hole could not really be sealed again. The paint skinned over, dried out, and went to waste, and bladders burst in luggage. Painting outdoors was possible — some painters did it — but everything about the materials argued for staying in the studio, where the grinding stone was.
In 1841, an American portrait painter working in London got tired of it and fixed it.
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